分类： Linux Development

  • 转： Linux on ARM powered Devices

    原文：

    http://bitkistl.blogspot.com/2013/02/linux-on-arm-powered-devices.html

     

    This post should give an overview on which ARM powered devices GNU/Linux runs and also gives a hint how good it is supported on the respective device. Also Android runs a Linux kernel but does not give a general purpose computing experience to the user and does not host GNU tools.

    Here is a list of boards and devices which are affordable for
    the home user – devices for industrial use tend to be just too expensive.

    Debian GNU/Linux on NAS Devices and the Plug Computer

    http://www.cyrius.com/      Get more infos here

    Mostly based on Marvells Orion and Kirkwood platform.
    Debian has a long history on NAS devices e.g. from QNAP
    and is stable and good supported. Also the popular but discontinued
    NSLU2 device runs perfectly Debian and other Linux Distributions.

     Debian GNU/Linux on the Raspberry Pi     ARM11

    The main Raspberry Pi Distribution is called Raspbian and is based on Debian.

    http://www.raspberrypi.org/

    Raspbian has good support for the popular Raspberry Pi hardware, but it lacks support for the onboard graphic accelerating capabilities for Xorg. 

    Distros on Development Boards 

    http://beagleboard.org/                                                Cortex A8 processor
    Beaglebone black
    Ubuntu 12.04, 13.04
    Fedora 20 (headless only)

     
    Ubuntu on http://pandaboard.org/                                Cortex A9 processor dual-core




    Debian/Ubuntu on cheap consumer devices and boards        

    Mele A1000/A2000(G) media player:                            Cortex A8 processor 
    http://rhombus-tech.net/allwinner_a10/a10_image/

    PC on a Stick and Mini PC’s:
    PicUntu on RK3066 devices like MK808                       Cortex A9 processor dual-core
    http://code.google.com/p/rk3066-linux/wiki/PicUntu        early release

    Hackberry and Cubieboard
    https://www.miniand.com/                                              Cortex A8 processor

    OlinuXino
    https://www.olimex.com/Products/OLinuXino/                Cortex A8 processor
    https://www.olimex.com/Products/OLinuXino/A13/

    Cubieboard                                                                       Cortex A8 processor
    http://cubieboard.org/                                               available as single/dual core

    Wandboard
    http://www.wandboard.org/                                           Cortex A9 processor
    available as  single/dual/quad core
    Ubuntu 12.04
    Archlinux ARM
    Fedora 20 (headless only)

    Udoo                                                                                   Cortex A9 processor
    http://www.udoo.org/                                                available as dual/quad core
    Ubuntu 12.04
    Archlinux ARM

    Utilite                                                                                    Cortex A9 processor
    http://utilite-computer.com/web/home                     available as single/dual/quad core
    Ubuntu 12.04  pre-installed
    Archlinux ARM
    Kali Linux
    Debian
    Android

    Cubox-i                                                                                  Cortex A9 processor
    http://cubox-i.com/                                                    available as single/dual/quad core
    Ubuntu
    Debian
    Android

    Matrix                                                                                    Cortex A9 processor
    http://www.tbsdtv.com/launch/tbs-2910-matrix-arm-mini-pc.html         quad core
    Ubuntu
    Android

    Radxa Rock                                                                          Cortex A9 processor
    http://radxa.com                                                                      quad core
    Ubuntu
    Android

    Ubuntu on Boards from Hardkernel
    http://www.hardkernel.com/                                     Cortex A9,A15 processor quad-core 
    Xubuntu 13.10
     

    Ubuntu on the Samsumg Series 3 Chromebook      Cortex A15 processor dual-core

    Ubuntu 12.10: (sound not working)
    http://chromeos-cr48.blogspot.co.at/2012/10/arm-chrubuntu-1204-alpha-1-now.html 
    http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTI5Mzg 
    Ubuntu 13.04:
    http://marcin.juszkiewicz.com.pl/2013/02/14/how-to-install-ubuntu-13-04-on-chromebook/ 
    Archlinux:
    http://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv7/samsung-chromebook

    Ubuntu on the HP Chromebook 11                          Cortex A15 processor dual-core
    http://www.webupd8.org/2013/12/install-ubuntu-on-your-chromebook-using.html

    Samsung Chromebook 2                                         Cortex A15 processor octa-core
    http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00J49ZH1U/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&tag=cbn0a-20&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B00J49ZH1U&linkCode=as2 

    Ubuntu 14.04 on the Nvidia Jetson Tk1 board          Cortex A15 processor quad-core
    https://developer.nvidia.com/jetson-tk1

     

    *************************************************************************************

    2015 Feb

    https://code.google.com/p/rk3066-linux/wiki/PicUntu

    http://linux-rockchip.info/mw/index.php?title=RK3188

    **************************************************************************************

     

  • ARM Open Source & Optimization

    ARM tool:                       Streamline analyzer / DS-5

    http://ds.arm.com/ds-5/optimize/

     

    Ne10:            Open Source Library based on Neon

    http://projectne10.github.io/Ne10/

    https://github.com/projectNe10/Ne10

    http://community.arm.com/groups/android-community/blog/2013/10/28/ne10-a-new-open-source-library-to-accelerate-your-applications-with-neon

     

    Liano

    http://www.linaro.org/

     

    FreeRtos

    www.freertos.org/portcortexgcc.html

    http://www.freertos.org/portcortexgcc.html

     

    Yeppp:

    http://www.yeppp.info/downloads.html

     

     

    CoOS:

    http://www.coocox.org/CoOS.htm

     

    Mirror:

    http://www.myir-tech.com/download.asp

     

  • Open Source RTOS

    eCOS:

    wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/sources.redhat.com/ecos/ecos-install.tcl

     

    sh   ecos-install.tcl

     

    FreeRTOS:

    wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/freertos/files/latest

     

    RT-Kernel

    http://www.rt-thread.org/

     

     

    RTEMS

    Build Tools:

     http://www.rtems.org/wiki/index.php/RTEMS_Source_Builder

    sudo apt-get install binutils gcc g++ gdb unzip git python2.7-dev

sudo apt-get install cvs

sudo apt-get install texinfo

cd ${HOME}

mkdir -p rtems/src

cd rtems/src

git clone git://git.rtems.org/rtems-source-builder.git

cd rtems-source-builder

source-builder/sb-check

cd rtems

../source-builder/sb-set-builder --list-bsets

../source-builder/sb-set-builder --log=l-arm.txt --prefix=$HOME/rtems/4.11 4.11/rtems-arm

ls $HOME/rtems/4.11

ls $HOME/rtems/4.11/bn

export PATH=$HOME/rtems/4.11/bin:$PATH

     

    ftp://ftp.rtems.com/pub/rtems/

     

     

     

    uCOS

    http://micrium.com/

     

     

  • Android mount sdcard (again)

    ===>  execute_media_format
    android/packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/MediaFormat.java

    ===>  mountService.formatVolume(extStoragePath);
    android/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/storage/ExternalStorageFormatter.java

    ====>  formatVolume
    ====>  doFormatVolume
    android/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/MountService.java

    ===> int CommandListener::VolumeCmd::runCommand
    ===> rc = vm->formatVolume(argv[2]);
    android/system/vold/CommandListener.cpp

    ==> int VolumeManager::formatVolume
    ==> mVolumes = new VolumeCollection();
    ==> return v->formatVol()
    android/system/vold/VolumeManager.h
    android/system/vold/VolumeManager.cpp

    ===> int Volume::formatVol
    ===> Fat::format(devicePath, 0))
    android/system/vold/Volume.cpp

    ===> int Fat::format(const char *fsPath, unsigned int numSectors)
    ===> static char MKDOSFS_PATH[] = “/system/bin/newfs_msdos”
    android/system/vold/Fat.cpp

    android/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector.java

    # C code
    android/system/vold

    # Launch sd formater in setting
    adb shell
    am start -n com.android.settings/.MediaFormat

    ##############################################################################

    以下是打开“无线和网络设置”界面：

    Intent intent = new Intent(“/”);
    ComponentName cm = new ComponentName(“com.android.settings”,”com.android.settings.WirelessSettings”);
    intent.setComponent(cm);
    intent.setAction(“android.intent.action.VIEW”);
    activity.startActivityForResult( intent , 0);

    以下是可以直接打开的系统界面：

    com.android.settings.AccessibilitySettings 辅助功能设置
    com.android.settings.ActivityPicker 选择活动
    com.android.settings.ApnSettings APN设置
    com.android.settings.ApplicationSettings 应用程序设置
    com.android.settings.BandMode 设置GSM/UMTS波段
    com.android.settings.BatteryInfo 电池信息
    com.android.settings.DateTimeSettings 日期和时间设置
    com.android.settings.DateTimeSettingsSetupWizard 日期和时间设置
    com.android.settings.DevelopmentSettings 应用程序设置=》开发设置
    com.android.settings.DeviceAdminSettings 设备管理器
    com.android.settings.DeviceInfoSettings 关于手机
    com.android.settings.Display 显示——设置显示字体大小及预览
    com.android.settings.DisplaySettings 显示设置
    com.android.settings.DockSettings 底座设置
    com.android.settings.IccLockSettings SIM卡锁定设置
    com.android.settings.InstalledAppDetails 语言和键盘设置
    com.android.settings.LanguageSettings 语言和键盘设置
    com.android.settings.LocalePicker 选择手机语言
    com.android.settings.LocalePickerInSetupWizard 选择手机语言
    com.android.settings.ManageApplications 已下载（安装）软件列表
    com.android.settings.MasterClear 恢复出厂设置
    com.android.settings.MediaFormat 格式化手机闪存
    com.android.settings.PhysicalKeyboardSettings 设置键盘
    com.android.settings.PrivacySettings 隐私设置
    com.android.settings.ProxySelector 代理设置
    com.android.settings.RadioInfo 手机信息
    com.android.settings.RunningServices 正在运行的程序（服务）
    com.android.settings.SecuritySettings 位置和安全设置
    com.android.settings.Settings 系统设置
    com.android.settings.SettingsSafetyLegalActivity 安全信息
    com.android.settings.SoundSettings 声音设置
    com.android.settings.TestingSettings 测试——显示手机信息、电池信息、使用情况统计、Wifi information、服务信息
    com.android.settings.TetherSettings 绑定与便携式热点
    com.android.settings.TextToSpeechSettings 文字转语音设置
    com.android.settings.UsageStats 使用情况统计
    com.android.settings.UserDictionarySettings 用户词典
    com.android.settings.VoiceInputOutputSettings 语音输入与输出设置
    com.android.settings.WirelessSettings 无线和网络设置

    ##############################################################################
    Generate SD Card Image file

    #64G:
    dd if=/dev/zero of=64G.img  count=0 seek=128M

    #8G:
    dd if=/dev/zero of=64G.img  count=0 seek=16M

    #8G (with zero filled)
    dd if=/dev/zero of=64G.img count=16M

    ##############################################################################
    Loop device

    #List loop devices:
    losetup -a

    #Add a loop device
    losetup /dev/loop1 8G_zero.img

    #Delete loop device
    losetup -d /dev/loop1

    find . -type f |xargs grep sd_format
    find . -name *.java |xargs grep sd_format

    ###################################################################
    Modify sd_format of android/packages/apps/Settings/res/values, impact on:

    target R.java/Manifest.java: Settings (out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/src/R.stamp)
    target Java: Settings (out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/classes)
    Note: Some input files use or override a deprecated API.
    Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
    Note: Some input files use unchecked or unsafe operations.
    Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.
    Copying: out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/classes-jarjar.jar
    Copying: out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/emma_out/lib/classes-jarjar.jar
    Copying: out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/classes.jar
    Copying: out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/noproguard.classes.jar
    target Dex: Settings
    Copying: out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/noproguard.classes.dex
    target Package: Settings (out/target/product/generic/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/package.apk)
    ‘out/target/common/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/classes.dex’ as ‘classes.dex’…
    Processing target/product/generic/obj/APPS/Settings_intermediates/package.apk
    Done!
    Install: out/target/product/generic/system/app/Settings.odex
    Install: out/target/product/generic/system/app/Settings.apk
    Finding NOTICE files: out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE_FILES/hash-timestamp
    Combining NOTICE files: out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE.html
    target Java: SettingsTests (out/target/common/obj/APPS/SettingsTests_intermediates/classes)
    Note: Some input files use or override a deprecated API.
    Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
    Installed file list: out/target/product/generic/installed-files.txt
    Target system fs image: out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img
    Install system fs image: out/target/product/generic/system.img

    ******************************************************
    SD FORMAT

    ==> StorageVolumePreferenceCategory
    ==> mAllowFormat = mStorageVolume != null && !mStorageVolume.isEmulated()
    android/packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/deviceinfo/StorageVolumePreferenceCategory.java

    SD Card Mount

    => “Preparing SD card”
    => “Damaged SD card”
    ==> ext_media_checking_notification_title
    ==> ext_media_unmountable_notification_title
    frameworks/base/core/res/res/values/strings.xml
    frameworks/base/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/usb/StorageNotification.java
    ===>MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE

    *****************************************************

    #/system/etc/vold.fatab
    #/system/etc/vold.conf

    =>fatab
    ==>system/vold/main.cpp
    ===>process_config
    ====>VolumeManager
    =====>system/vold/VolumeManager.cpp
    =======>CommandListener
    ========>system/vold/CommandListener.cpp

    ********************************
    FAT
    ===> system/vold/Fat.cpp
    ====> FSCK_MSDOS_PATH
    =====> Fat::check
    ======>system/vold/Volume.cpp
    =======>createDeviceNode
    =========>Volume::mountVol
    =========>DirectVolume::handleBlockEvent

    Volume::mountVol
    ==> No impact on SDCard Mount, just for security fs

    DirectVolume::handleBlockEvent
    ==>NetlinkEvent
    ===>system/core/include/sysutils/NetlinkEvent.h
    =====>NetlinkEvent.mSubsystem==”block”, send to volume manage ==> DirectVolume::handleBlockEvent
    ======>NlActionAdd
    ========>system/core/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp

    ==========>system/core/libsysutils/src/NetlinkListener.cpp
    ==========>NetlinkListener::onDataAvailable

    ============>system/core/libsysutils/src/SocketListener.cpp
    ============>system/core/include/sysutils/NetlinkListener.h
    ============>class NetlinkListener : public SocketListener

    ***************************************************************************************
    *** Triger of  NlActionAdd ***

    “add”:
    =>NetlinkEvent::parseAsciiNetlinkMessage,    system/core/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp
    ==>NetlinkEvent::decode
    ===>NetlinkListener::onDataAvailable,        system/core/libsysutils/src/NetlinkListener.cpp
    ====>SocketListener::runListener,            system/core/libsysutils/src/SocketListener.cpp
    =====>SocketListener::threadStart,           system/core/libsysutils/src/SocketListener.cpp
    ======>SocketListener::startListener,        system/core/libsysutils/src/SocketListener.cpp
    =======>main,                                system/vold/main.cpp
    =======>NetlinkHandler::start,               system/vold/NetlinkHandler.cpp

    *** Handle of NlActionAdd ***

    “NlActionAdd”
    =>DirectVolume::handleBlockEvent,            system/vold/DirectVolume.cpp
    ==>VolumeManager::handleBlockEvent,          system/vold/VolumeManager.cpp
    ==>NetlinkHandler::onEvent,                  system/vold/NetlinkHandler.cpp

    **************************************************************************
    Framework:   MountService

    frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
    =>public MountService(Context context),     frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/MountService.java
    ==>mContext.registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, filter, null, null);
    ===>BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()
    ====>action.equals(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED)
    =====>if (state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED)) {
    int rc = doMountVolume(path);
    if (rc != StorageResultCode.OperationSucceeded) {
    Slog.e(TAG, String.format(“Boot-time mount failed (%d)”,
    rc));
    }
    ======>private int doMountVolume(String path)
    =======>mConnector.doCommand(String.format(“volume mount %s”, path));

    ==>mConnector = new NativeDaemonConnector
    ===>class NativeDaemonConnector,    frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector
    ====>public void run(),             frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector.java
    =====>listenToSocket,               frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector.java
    ======>mCallbacks.onDaemonConnected();     (mCallbacks=MountService)
    =======>onDaemonConnected()         frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/MountService.java

    **********************************************************************************
    Sd Card Mount Summary:

    frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/MountService.java:
    private int doMountVolume(String path):

    Use case of doMountVolume

    Case 1:  private final BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()
    ===> Boot up SD Card mount

    Case 2:  public boolean onEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked)
    ===>frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector.java
    ===>Callback
    ===>public boolean handleMessage(Message msg)
    ===> SD Card Insert mount

    Case 3: public int mountVolume(String path)
    ==> packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/deviceinfo/Memory.java
    ==> User Setting/Mount

    Case 4: public int mountVolume(String path)
    ===> frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/storage/ExternalStorageFormatter.java
    ===> Factory Reset

  • Binary Diff

    bsdiff:                       http://www.daemonology.net/bsdiff/

    Courgette:                http://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/software-updates-courgette

    http://blog.chromium.org/2009/07/smaller-is-faster-and-safer-too.html

     

    xdelta:                        http://code.google.com/p/xdelta/

    rdiff:                            http://librsync.sourcefrog.net/

     

  • FW: Install nginx on Centos 6.x

    http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/install-nginx-centos-rhel-6-server-rpm-using-yum-command/

     

    Step #1: Install nginx repo

    # cd /tmp
    # wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
    # rpm -ivh     nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm

    Step #2: Install nginx web-server

    # yum install nginx

    Step #3: Turn on nginx service

    # chkconfig nginx on

    How do I start / stop / restart nginx web-server?

    # service nginx start
    # service nginx stop
    # service nginx restart
    # service nginx status
    # service nginx reload

    Step #4: Configuration files

    1. Default configuration directory: /etc/nginx/
    2. Default SSL and vhost config directory: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
    3. Default log file directory: /var/log/nginx/
    4. Default document root directory: /usr/share/nginx/html
    5. Default configuration file: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    6. Default server access log file: /var/log/nginx/access.log
    7. Default server access log file: /var/log/nginx/error.log

    To edit the nginx configuration file, enter:
    # nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

    Set or update worker_processes as follows (this must be set to CPU(s) in your system. Use the lscpu | grep ‘^CPU(s)’ command to list the number of CPUs in the server)

    worker_processes  2;

    Turn on gzip support:

    gzip  on;

     

    Edit the file /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf, enter:
    # nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
    Set IP address and TCP port number:

        listen       199.241.137.179:80;

    Set server name:

        server_name  vps.zhenglei.net;

     

    Start the server:
    # service nginx start
    Verify that everything is working:
    # netstat -tulpn | grep :80
    # ps aux | grep nginx

    Firewall configuration: Open TCP port # 80

    Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/iptables, enter:
    # nano /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    Add the following lines, ensuring that they appear before the final LOG and DROP lines for the INPUT chain to open port 80:

     
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

    Save and close the file. Finally, restart the firewall:
    # service iptables restart

  • WNR2000V3 安装最新版DDWRT / Install latest ddwrt on wnr2000v3

    软件内容： DDWRT 精简版本

    适用硬件： Netgear wnr2000v3 / 4M flash 版本

    Web 刷机方法:

    步骤一：>

    将WNR2000v3  固件降为上一版本原厂固件，重复操作直到版本1.0.x

    Netgear 固件下载地址

    步骤二：>

    刷DDWRT factory image, r18777:

    wnr2000v3-factory_WW.img 或 wnr2000v3-factory_NA.img

    DDWRT 固件下载地址

    步骤三：>

    刷DDWRT 精简版：

    DDWRT 精简版下载地址

    *****************************************************************

    ignore r24118 ,   seem’s dosen’t work on WNR2000V3

    ignore r24461,    as it have  downgrade bug

     

  • exfat in linux kernel

    https://github.com/dorimanx/exfat-nofuse

    http://opensource.samsung.com/reception/receptionSub.do?method=sub&sub=F&searchValue=exfat

     

  • Build exFAT fuse mode on ubuntu

     

    sudo apt-get install subversion
sudo apt-get install scons
sudo apt-get install libfuse-dev
svn co http://exfat.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ exfat-read-only
cd exfat-read-only/
scons
sudo scons install

Installed tool:
/sbin/dumpexfat
/sbin/exfatfsck
/sbin/exfatlabel
/sbin/fsck.exfat  -> exfatfsck
/sbin/mkexfatfs
/sbin/mkfs.exfat  -> mkexfatfs
/sbin/mount.exfat -> mount.exfat-fuse
/sbin/mount.exfat-fuse

Usage example:

/sbin/fsck.exfat       /dev/sdc1

/sbin/dumpexfat     /dev/sdc1

mkdir /tmp/exfat
sudo /sbin/mount.exfat /dev/sdc1 /tmp/exfat
mount | grep exfat
df   -a   /tmp/exfat
sudo umount    /tmp/exfat

  • wireless adaptor linux driver status

    http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers